Isolation in The Scarlet Letter Essay - 654 Words

Isolation in The Scarlet Letter In the New Testament it states that the wages of sin is death. Though the penalty of sin in The Scarlet Letter is not a termination of life, the evil of isolation can be a physically, morally, and socially tortuous event in Puritan society. Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, are both victims of the cruel isolation from Puritan society on the basis of their sins. Hester wears her sin upon her breast where it stands as a constant reminder of her malfeasance. Shame and isolation strip her of all passion and femininity, leaving her a shell of her former self. Though Arthurs mark of shame is not visible, it is all the†¦show more content†¦When Hester walks through her town a sort of magic circle [forms] itself around her. Devoid of any social contact, save that of her daughter, Hester must endure of lonely existence. In all her intercourse with society, save that of her daughter, there was nothing that made [Hester] feel as if she belonged to it.; therefore, she turns to herself for reflection of her shame. When Hester must walk through the town, she suffers an agony from every footstep. Frequent suffering does not inure Hester to her inner torment; instead, the same grows more sensitive with daily torture. Hesters ostracism from a stoic society and the burdensome nature of her shame, deprive her off life. Treated as a dangerous delinquent by society, Hester begins to question her humanity. Due to her intense suffering, some attribute [departs] from [Hester], which had been essential to keep her a woman. Stripped of her passion and femininity, Hester is left as an iron character with a solemn manner. Hesters shame remains to haunt her until her dying day. Reverend Dimmesdales bought with the evils of isolation is distinct from Hesters due to the fact that his sin remains a secret from the public. Tormented by his grievous sin and the duplicity of a fraudulent lifestyle, Dimmesdales physical stature is destroyed. ArthurShow MoreRelatedIsolation In The Scarlet Letter1220 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Grace Ms. Barich ELA 12 Sec. 01 17 October 2017 Isolation in The Scarlet Letter There has been a constant dispute over whether people should be governed by determinism or free will. Determinism is the idea that our actions and fate are predetermined and every occurrence can be explained or has a reason for happening; free will, in contrast, is the idea that we have the ability to act independently of external restraints. In the 17th century, Puritan society arose in New England as one thatRead MoreIsolation In The Scarlet Letter Essay848 Words   |  4 Pages Isolation is defined as being far away from other places, buildings, or people; remote. Isolation can come in many different forms: physical, spiritual, emotional and mental. In the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Dimmesdale seems to deal with all four. When Dimmesdale sinned with Hester and the sin was as known, Dimmesdale had to take a backseat and watch her face the punishment for him which, caused him to have a guilty conscience. The guilty conscience of Dimmesdale brings him isolationRead More Isolation Within The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1682 Words   |  7 PagesIsolation in The Scarlet Letter In a community, people understand and know each other. In most cases, individuals grow up together and share the same ideals and customs. When a new person shows up, people tend to flock and try to form a persona of the person. Many people expect him or her to fit into the community very fast and follow their laws and customs without complaint. Unfortunately, not everyone can act as a perfect person, and mistakes or problems can occur, which leads to the isolationRead MoreAppearance vs. Reality, Isolation, and Good Can Come from Evil in The Scarlet Letter 971 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout The Scarlet Letter, the reader knows that Pearl is the result of Hester’s and Dimmesdale’s sin, but does she have play a more important role in the novel? For instance, some readers may understand Pearl’s part in displaying the themes of this novel. In the beginning of the novel, Hester commits adultery with Dimmesdale and has who she names Pearl. Dimmesdale suffers because he keeps his sin a secret, while Hester is unable to and is punished for it. Dimmesdale also suffers because he neverRead More The Effective Use of Symbols in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter694 Words   |  3 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Webster defined symbol with these words: Something concrete that represents or suggests another thing that cannot in itself be pictured. This concept has been particularly applied to literature and used by writers throughout history. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter uses multitudes of symbols in such a manner. One of the most prominent, and most complicated, of such symbols is the scarlet letter A. The scarlet letter A is a symbol of aRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1631 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s personal isolation originated in his early childhood and later developed the theme for his most renowned literary novel, The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne emphasized the impact that societal isolation can have on individuals. Several of the victims inflicted with isolation throughout the novel were ultimately met with their inevitable downfalls. One particular character, Hester Prynne, was selected to undergo a struggle comparable to Hawthorne’sRead MoreSpheres in Scarlet Letter Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel, The Scarlet Letter. The main character, Hester goes astray from the rules of her Puritan town and must wear a scarlet letter on her chest to declare her sin. The scarlet letter isolates Hester from the pressures to conform to society, giving her the opportunity to find her individualistic moral perspective in life and she shares this revelation with Dimmesdale. Hawthorne conveys this concept of individualism through the motif of spheres. Initially, Hawthorne conveys Hester’s isolation from societyRead MoreIsolation And Secret Guilt By Nathaniel Hawthorne1257 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 251 Mrs. Reeves 7 November 2015 Isolation and Secret Guilt The Puritans believe that it is their job, as well as the job of the communities in which they live, to glorify God in everything they do by living holy lives. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† is a novel about the struggles that Hester, Chillingworth, and Dimmesdale, have to face living in a Puritan society. Throughout the novel these three characters are faced with isolation and secret guilt. All three have to faceRead MoreThe Symbol Of Pearl In The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1414 Words   |  6 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter exhibits 17th century Boston, Massachusetts and the puritans’ lifestyle through the story of Hester Prynne and her sin. Society casts Hester out for her sin of adultery by making her wear a scarlet ‘A’ on her bosom. Hester commits adultery with another man, and later gives birth to a baby girl, Pearl. Although Pearl at first seems to be just the child of Hester and is a supporting character, she later becomes a significant part of the novel and is a prominentRead MoreHester Prynne and Roger Chillingworth in Puritan Society Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pageshimself and the community. Hester Prynne and Roger Chillingworth experience different types of isolation, and while Hester chooses to transcend Puritan laws and live a purposeful life regardless of how it affects her, Chillingworth decides to become infatuated with the sin of Arthur Dimmesdale and live in revenge outside of Puritan society which ultimately leads to h is demise. Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Puritan society greatly affects the characters boundaries, limitations, and expectations because

Competitive Advantage for Scotiabank in the Caribbean

The company that I am studying is Scotiabank. Founded in Halifax, Nova Scotia and based in Toronto, Scotiabank is one of the leading retail banks in the Caribbean, with over 200 branches in 20 countries and territories throughout the region. The bank provides retail banking services, primarily taking deposits and then relending that money through home mortgages, personal loans and small business loans. In recent years, economic conditions in the Caribbean have been weak. Scotiabank, in its annual report notes that ongoing weakness in the Caribbean has reduced lending and increased the allowance for impaired loans in the region. Demand for borrowing is typically based on the health of the economy and the prevailing rates. A significant amount of borrowing, according to the banks 2011 Annual Report, is for the hospitality industry, and in that there has been a slump in recent years as tourism from North America has declined. The size of the banks residential mortgage portfolio in the Caribbean has been increasing, however. The supply conditions also bear some relation to the health of the economy, because savings rates are a critical variable that fluctuate with the state of the economy. There is a significant amount of price elasticity of demand for lending products. Borrowers prefer to borrow when interest rates are low, because that lowers the cost of the project. In middle income regions like the Caribbean, borrowers can be particularly price sensitive. InShow MoreRelatedScotiabank Analysis7774 Words   |  32 Pagesinclude secondary research of industry data, company reports, recent financial disclosures, as well as inquiries in various electronic databases. The purpose of this report is to determine whether or not the Bank of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as Scotiabank, is a good employer for recent and future Haskayne School of Business graduates. Extensive research has determined that the banking industry is in an unstable state. The industry’s profits have declined over the last few years mainly as a resultRead MoreDisplacement Analysis2901 Words   |  12 Pagesare huge events happening in the city, for example the Scotiabank Toronto Caribbean Carnival Festival, which is an annual event that hosts hundreds of thousands of tourists from around the world, certain things must be taken onto consideration. If the hotel is located near the festival it would be very unlikely to book other group reservations at a discounted rate because the demand would be there for the standard rates. It would be an advantage for the hotel to book with this group because it is guaranteedRead MoreA Profitable Business Venture For The Royal Bank Of Canada3777 Words   |  16 Pages the government must recognize these risks since there are predictions that it might relax foreign business entry regulation to diversify and boost the current e conomic activities. RBC should envision such measures as an opportunity to be taken advantage of. This economy displays prospects of growth urged by economic prosperity. Peru is a developing nation that sees international relationships as the best route to success. Over the years Peru has developed and nurtured free trade agreements with

Corporate Governance of 7 Eleven †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance of 7 Eleven. Answer: Introduction In the modern business environment, it is critical for the companies to consider good corporate governance so that it can create business integrity and market confidence. Good corporate governance assures an organization of or equity capital thus improves its investment. According to Safari, Mirshekary, and Wise (2015), the accessibility to equity capital has ensured companies to become future-oriented thus balance their increasing leveraging. This principle also focuses on inclusivity, where an organization considers the needs and expectations of various stakeholders (Nevondwe, Odeku, Tshoose, 2014). The 7-Eleven is never exceptional because it has placed significant efforts to achieve its growth through good corporate governance. Based on the significance of corporate governance, the paper will analyse this principle with reference to 7-Eleven, especially following the widespread claim of wage underpayment system. Overview of the Corporate Governance Corporate governance is a principle founded on the relationships between stakeholders, such as boards, management, shareholders, suppliers, and creditors, and customers (Al-Ramahi, Barakat, Shahwan, 2014). The corporate structure shows the structure that an organization uses to pursue its objectives and monitoring the performance. Through corporate governance, the stakeholders can determine how the firm is setting its goals right. Without a doubt, the corporate governance is achievable through different aspects, such as ethical behaviour, disclosure and transparency, and relations with stakeholders. It also involves management practices, financial controls, Boards oversight responsibilities, and environmental policies (PCSC, 2016a). Given the current corporate scandals infiltrating many companies, it has become critical for the businesses to utilize this management principle. Indisputably, the public have increased their level of scrutiny on various corporate practices. This has mad e corporate governance relevant to the society. The government, especially the United States adopted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act so that companies could enhance their financial disclosures and reporting standards. This followed the worst corporate scandals that almost brought the global economy to its knees. Enron, WorldCom and Tyco accounting scandals drew the attention of government to corporate malfeasance (PCSC, 2016a). Therefore, corporate governance confirms the increased public scrutiny of businesses thus call for transparent dealings (PCSC, 2016). The most common practices that the public have addressed include green initiatives, management practices, and offering financial incentives to the management. The 7-Eleven company has been hit by the culture of compliance following its continued onslaught on the workers wages. The underpayment claims against the company has put it on the spotlight thus making many people, including the Fair Work Ombudsman to question its intention. For instance, the company has continued efforts to reduce the employees working hours recorded is unfortunate and justifies the level of corporate fraud. The companys network operating model confirmed that the organization engaged in a non-compliance practice (Regan, 2016). According to Regan (2016), the company has thrived in wage underpayment practice. Further, the management has intimidated and coerced workers to work excessive long hours without offering even the standard minimum wages. This issue regarding the accessorial liability in safety and employment sector has attracted the attention of researcher to scrutinize its corporate governance policies. Corporate Governance Framework of 7-Eleven In this convenience store, shareholders are the drivers of the companys success. Through regular shareholders meeting where the board of directors share and report to the owners on the performance levels of the organization (Disclaimer, 2014). This implies that the shareholders have entrusted the management and operations of the company to the board of directors. The office of the president is responsible for corporate management, strategic planning and administration, and public affairs management and planning. The president is answerable to the board of directors (Hermes, 2016). Through the operation group, it has been possible for the company to plan its operations across the stores while the marketing group focus on the product marketing and development strategy planning (PCSC, 2016). However, the administration group is responsible for the planning and management of the back office resources. Within the framework, the company has established the ethical operations team, finance office, occupational safety office, and internal audit office. 7-Eleven has invested massively in the delivery of services by providing clients with friendly and comfortable shopping space in all its convenience stores as described by PCSC (2016d). Currently, its large stores business strategy has easily worked for it by allowing the stores to feature unique characteristics. It has also ensured it serves its customers with safe food that are sourced directly from customers (PCSC, 2016). In fact, the company has contracted various farms where it has allowed its employees to oversee the operations. It has also established a quality control laboratory to examine the produce thus offer the customers comprehensive protection. Recently, the company developed the city caf brand that saw it improve coffee flavour and quality thus launched new delivery service (PCSC, 2016b). The 7-Eleven is also rooted in mutual benefits and trusts that have seen it share such benefits with stakeholders. Based on this philosophy, it has adjusted its franchise profit sharing system to improve its operation quality and franchisee profitability. The convenience store is also expanding into related retail businesses thus increase its stores across the world. The companys subsidiaries are striving to improve and meet the needs of customers through its excellent services (PCSC, 2016b). Social Responsibilities As part of its corporate governance efforts, the company has invested in efforts to achieve sustainable operations thus meet its corporate social responsibilities as expected under the corporate governance principles (PCSC, 2016). Through the sustainable operations, the company has focused on environmental protection and social engagement. In enhancing corporate governance, 7-Eleven continues to strengthen its transparency and timeliness regarding the information disclosure (PCSC, 2016d). This corporation has featured among the stocks making up of the Global Sustainability Indices as explained by PSC (2016a). In an effort to achieve its corporate responsibility, it has collaborated with various interest groups thus maximize the available resources (Hermes, 2016). For instance, it is investing in community activities that are meant to improve the livelihood and health of the special interest groups like the elderly. As part of its corporate governance plan, the company has established the best corporate social responsibility code of conduct (Disclaimer, 2014). This has helped it in managing the corporate social responsibilities. It has further established the interdepartmental corporate social responsibility committee that has categorised the teams into employee and franchisee relations, environmentally friendly, sustainable product and services, corporate governance, and coexisting with the community (PCSC, 2016a). These teams are mandated to propose and implement the concrete plans regarding the corporate social responsibility systems and policies as explained by Hubbard, Garnett, Lewis, and OBrien (2014). The company has established a labour auditing training that has incessantly scheduled the CSR training and education regarding the areas of responsibility. It has further designated workforce to facilitate and implement its corporate social responsibility. In fact, through the senior managem ent, the company has managed the SCR policy thus give regular updates to the board of director. The company has further established the best remuneration policies that integrate the performance evaluation systems and other CSR policies (PSC, 2016b). This has seen it establish proper effective discipline and incentive systems to help pay the employees competitively thus ensure it achieves the provisions of fair work. According to 7-Eleven, its sustainable environmental development plan remains stable because it focuses on utilizing its resources efficiently to reduce the environmental impacts (OECD, 2015). Currently, it has implemented the best energy conservation plans within its stores. For instance, it has implemented an elaborate energy saving measures including utilizing inverter systems, building insulation, few light fixtures, outdoor energy conservation, energy-efficient lighted fixtures, and indoor lighting management. Based on this principle, 7-Eleven has done worse as it abuses the rights of the workforce. The management, for instance, force the workers to work long-hours without pay. It has even completely disregarded the health and safety aspects in the workplace. This is against the Fair Work Act 2009 provisions (CA, 2016). Ethical Corporate Management 7-Eleven stores have established the best ethical operations programs and policies. Through the corporate governance best practices and principles, 7-Eleven has created an article to define its ethical policies and methods. The Board of management remains committed to implementing the ethical operations programs and policies (OECD, 2015). The programs that the Board remains committed to include code of conduct that prevents unethical behaviours, ethical corporate management best practice principles, and standards governing awards and discipline (PCSC, 2016c). By formulating these programs, the company intend strives to remain true to its obligations as every operations remain within the ethical standards. The company is alive to the widespread corporate scandals in the modern times (PCSC, 2016). To this effect, 7-Eleven has established an Audit Reporting Line thus help to eliminate bribery and prevent corruption. With the code of conduct, it has become possible to prevent the immoral behaviours. Despite having this corporate governance practice, it has failed to comply with it in principle. For instance, the managers have continuously harassed and intimidated workers to agree with their unethical practices (CA, 2016). In fact, the managers have even threatened the employees of deportation for exposing the incidences of underpay. 7-Eleven has established a friendly and safe workplace that has encouraged positive interactions between workers. In fact, the organization has further guaranteed workers of their employee interest and rights by defining its crisis management policies (PSC, 2016b). It has further acted on various issues based on the Labour Safety and Health Act by establishing a health and safe organization. It is also implementing a health and safety management practices based on the labour laws. Indeed, the company has frequently provided bulletins on safety and health thus updating employees on the new regulations (OECD, 2015). The organization has further engaged in the safety and health drills and training. To this effect, it has engaged both old and new employees in these training programs. Instead of protecting its workforce, the company has incessantly coerced and intimated workers into working excessive hours without pay (CA, 2016). This exposes the companys real intention in implementing its corporate principles. Conclusion 7-Eleven is a leading convenience store that has dominated the market across the world. Despite its outstanding corporate governance principles, the company is accused of underhand play in its activities. For instance, it has mastered the culture of wage underpayment thus disregards the standard minimum wage provisions. The article has thus provided relevant information regarding the ethical practices in the organization. The company must remain true to these principles and comply with the corporate governance principles and international labour law conventions. The Fair Work Ombudsman has already provided the way forward to restore the companys reputation, especially following the prosecution of the 7-Eleven. Given the continued culture of non-compliance claims against this convenient store, it is essential that the shareholders replace the top management because these managers have failed to comply and regulate the employment procedures and safety. References Al-Ramahi, N., Barakat, A., Shahwan, Y. (2014). The Impact of Corporate Governance Principles Application on Financial Performance of Public Shareholding Companies Listed in Amman Stock Exchange. European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, 2(6), 106-123. Commonwealth of Australia (CA). (2016, Apr). Ombudsmans Inquiry into 7-Eleven: Identifying and Addressing the Drivers of Non-compliance in the 7-Eleven Network. https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/763/7-eleven-inquiry-report.pdf.aspx Disclaimer. (2014). Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations, 3rd Edition. Australia: ASX Corporate Governance Council. Hermes. (2016, Apr). Corporate Governance Principles. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.hermes-investment.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/China-and-HK-CG-Principles-Apr-2016.pdf Hubbard, R.G., Garnett, A.M., Lewis, P., OBrien, A.P. (2014). Microeconomics. Australia: Pearson Australia. Nevondwe, L., Odeku, K.O., Tshoose, C.I. (2014). Promoting the application of corporate governance in the South African Public Sector. Journal of Social Science, 40(2), 261-275. OECD. (2015). G20/OECD: Principles of Corporate Governance. OECD Report to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. Retrieved 9 May 2017, from https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/Corporate-Governance-Principles-ENG.pdf PCSC. (2016c). Corporate Governance: Ethical Corporate Management. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.ir-cloud.com/taiwan/2912/irwebsite/index.php?mod=pagesid=19 PCSC. (2016d). Employee Workplace and Protection Strategy for Personal Safety. Retrieved 9 May 2017, from https://www.ir-cloud.com/taiwan/2912/irwebsite/index.php?mod=pagesid=24 Philippines Seven Corporation (PSC) (2016a). Manual on Corporate Governance: 7-Eleven. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.7-eleven.com.ph/corporate/corporate-governance/manual-on-corporate-governance/ Philippines Seven Corporation (PSC). (2016b). Corporate Governance. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.7-eleven.com.ph/corporate/corporate-governance/ President Chain Store Corporation (PCSC). (2016). Corporate governance. Retrieved 9 May 2017, from https://www.ir-cloud.com/taiwan/2912/irwebsite/index.php?mod=corpgov_chart President Chain Store Corporation (PCSC). (2016a). Corporate Governance. Retrieved 9 May 2017, from https://www.ir-cloud.com/taiwan/2912/irwebsite/index.php?mod=letter President Chain Store Corporation (PCSC). (2016b). Corporate Governance Practices. Retrieved 9 May 2017, from https://www.ir-cloud.com/taiwan/2912/irwebsite/index.php?mod=pagesid=17 Regan, L. (2016, Aug 17). Australia: Time for Change at 7-Eleven: Workplace Responsibility of Upper Management. Mondaq. Retrieved from https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/519812/employee+rights+labour+relations/Time+for+change+at+7Eleven+workplace+responsibility+of+upper+management Safari, M., Mirshekary, S., Wise, V. (2015). Compliance with Corporate Governance Principles: Australian Evidence. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance and Finance Journal, 9(4), 3-19. Retrieved 6 May 2017, from https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1627context=aabfj

PHILOCTETES Essay Paper Example For Students

PHILOCTETES Essay Paper A monologue from the play by Sophocles NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Dramas. Sophocles. London: J.M. Dent Sons, 1906. PHILOCTETES: O what a drudge and sport of Gods am I!Of whose ill plight no whisper ever cameTo my own home, or any coast of Greece,But they who thrust me out unrighteouslyLaugh and keep silence, while my sickness everGrows on me and increases more and more.O boy! O son, calling Achilles sire,I am the man who, may be, thou hast heardWas master of the arms of Heracles,The son of P?as, Philoctetes! whomThe Captains twain and the Cephallenite kingCast out thus shamefullydesertedsickOf a consuming woundpierced through and throughBy the destroying vipers venomous fangs;And in this plight, boy, they exposed me here,Left me, and went! when from the Chrysean coastThey put in hither with their navy, straight,Soon as they saw me sleeping on the beach,Tired with long tossing, in a sheltered cave,They laughed, they went, they left me! casting meA few mean rags, a beggars garniture,And some poor pittance, too, of nourishment,Such as, I pray, be theirs! O then, my son,What sort of waking, think you , from that sleepHad I when they were gone! How did I weep,How did I wail, for my calamities!Seeing the ships which I was leader ofAll gone away, and no man in the placeWho should suffice me, or should comfort meIn the disease of which I laboured; yeaThough I sought everywhere, nothing I foundLeft to me, save my anguish; and, my son,Of that no lack indeed! Hour after hourPassed by me; and I must needs make shift alone,Under this scanty shelter. For my food,This quiver sought out what supplied my need,Hitting the doves on wing; then to the markOf the shot bolt I had to crawl, with pain,Dragging a wounded foot. If upon thisI wanted to get anything to drink,Or, as in winter when the hoar frost lay,To break some sticks to burn, this, creeping forth,I had to manage, in my misery.Ther there would be no fire; but striking hardWith flint on flint I struck out painfullyAn obscure spark, which keeps me still alive.Thus shelter overhead, not without fire,Furnishes all, save healing of my sore. Come now and hear about the isle, my son;No sailor willingly approaches it;For anchorage there is not, or a portWhither a man might sail, and make his martBy traffic, or find welcome; prudent menDo not make voyage here. Some one, perhaps,Might land against his will; for these things oftWill happen in the long-drawn life of men;But such, my son, when they do come, in wordsPity me, and in compassion give me, saySome morsel of food, or matter of attire;But that thing no man, when I hint it, will doTake me safe home; but this tenth year alreadyIn hunger and distress I pine and perish,Feeding the gnawing tooth of my disease.The Atrid?, and Ulysses violence,Have done me all this wrong; the like of which,O boy, may the Olympian Gods give themOne day to suffer, in revenge for me!

The theme of betrayal Essay Example

The theme of betrayal Paper These two poems are written about very different subjects but they both explore the theme of betrayal. In the first poem ‘Havisham’, the poet Carol Anne Duffy uses Mrs. Havisham, a fictional character from the well know novel ‘Great Expectations’ by Charles Dickens, as her extended metaphor for betrayal. In the second poem ‘Kid’ by Simon Armitage, the poet presents the theme of betrayal from a slightly different perspective using ‘Batman and Robin’ as his literary conceit. Both Havisham and Kid feature literary conceits through which the poets convey the characters thoughts to the reader. In Havisham, Duffy uses her chosen metaphor as the title. This makes the theme of betrayal known to the reader from the very start of the poem. Duffy asexualises the main character in the title through the absence of the pronoun â€Å"Mrs†. This puts extra emphasis on Mrs. Havisham’s metaphoric significance. In kid, Armitage uses the extended metaphor (Batman and Robin) to sarcastically influence the speakers’ role reversal of his childhood relationship with his stepfather who left him and his mother, to be in a relationship with another woman. Both poems use strong plosives in the opening line of the poem. Havisham starts off with the phrase â€Å"Beloved sweetheart bastard†. The repetition of the letter ‘b’ gives the poem an immediate aggressive tone and evokes anger. This phrase is also an oxymoron; the poet is expressing the characters unhealthy state of mind through the polarisation of feeling. This is a result of these two feeling, love and hate, are irreconcilable, and yet both experienced by the speaker to their extremes. We will write a custom essay sample on The theme of betrayal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The theme of betrayal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The theme of betrayal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Simon Armitage in kid also employs plosives to emphasise the anger and violence expressed throughout the poem examples include, â€Å"Batman, big shot† and â€Å"punching the palm of your hand†. Therefore, both poems use plosives in order to gain the same effect, emphasis on aggression and anger. Clothing is another common device used by both poets to express the characters state of mind. In Havisham the speaker seems to use clothing to convey a deeper meaning to the reader. â€Å"Loves hate behind a white veil† This oxymoron presents two overwhelming contradictory emotion. This shows that although the speaker is angry there is also a more sophisticated side to her. However in kid, the description of clothing is far less sophisticated; â€Å"now I’ve doffed that off-the-shoulder / Sherwood-forest-green and scarlet number for a pair of jeans and crew-neck jumper† . The speaker in kid evaluates his adulthood through his clothing, which shows that he does not operate well in society. The clothes that belong to childhood is the â€Å"Sherwood-forest-green and scarlet number† and the â€Å"pair of jeans and crew neck jumper† belong to adulthood. The speaker shows immaturity by describing his adulthood in terms of external virtues. This would seem fairly mundane in contrast to Havisham, which refers to clothing as part of an intelligent literary device, which subsequently has an effect on the reader. Enjambment is used in both poems, with each poet using this technique to create different effects on the reader. In Havisham, Duffy uses enjambment to build up dramatic tension in the poem. The enjambment used in Havisham goes against normal structure in poetry; â€Å"who did this / to me? †, the effect that is created by the thoughts of the speaker running over from one line to the other, emphasises the great anger felt by the speaker at this point. This use of enjambment is doubly useful, in this case as the overall effect of the enjambed lines is that the idea takes the form of a rant. Armitage creates a mood of aggression in Kid, partly caused by the structure of the poem. Kid is presented in four long periodic sentences with multiple sub-clauses, enjambed over nearly every line. One of the many examples can be seen on line one over to line two were the speaker says â€Å"when you gave the order / to grow up†. The emjabments used in kid also add to the menacing tirade in the poem. In Havisham the structure of the poem resembles that of natural speech. This results in the poem being more naturalistic. At the end of the poem Duffy uses the breakdown in rhythm, â€Å"b-b-b-breaks† to emphasise the speaker’s emotions. By adding in this caesura Duffy shows the disintegration of language, which connotes the breakdown of mind and the unstable mental state of the speaker as a result of the betrayal. Similarly in Kid, Simon Armitage also uses caesura’s to emphasise some key words and themes within the poem, â€Å"I’m taller, harder, stronger, older†. As well as adding greater emphasis to the words, the use of commas between each word breaks up the rhythm of the poem and similarly to Havisham makes the poem exceed the boundaries of normal poetry. This causes the poems to take on the form of a rant. Language devices are used in both poems to enhance the build up of tension. In Havisham, Duffy uses alliteration to build up tension and as stated above, show the unhealthy state of mind of the speaker. The example of this is â€Å"b-b-b-breaks†, this shows the feelings of the speaker mounting up inside her, and she has difficulty getting them out. Her hesitancy in this case could also allude to the speaker’s shamefulness of herself and the state she is in. Duffy also uses sibilance to enhance this effect, â€Å"Spinster, I stink†, this also could allude to the same effect as previously in which the speaker is ashamed of herself. The term spinster refers to unmarried women of marriageable age, and unlike bachelor has negative connotations. This use of sibilance crates a very real effect to the poem the reader can hear, see and smell Havisham in their mind. The assonance found in the second stanza, â€Å"cawing Nooooo at the wall†, implies that Havisham has been re-living in her mind the past events in her life, something that is often not psychologically healthy. The significant literal device found in Kid is the use of repetitive assonance which in this case is all the lines ending in ‘r’: â€Å"order wander yonder rather corner †. These assonances conjures up an ‘index finger pointing belligerently at the interlocutor’. The resulting effect is that of mounting anger and violence in the speaker. In conclusion Duffy lends pathos and a tragic dimension to her character. In order to have a tragic dimension in a character, the character needs to have experienced some sort of tragic event. For Havisham this was the betrayal which causes her to be totally self-aware. As a result this event will manifest itself in to the character of the speaker. This will cause the reader to sympathise with the speaker. In Kid, Armitage presents a character who seeks to measure himself favourably at someone else’s expense. This makes it much harder for the reader to sympathize with the speaker in Kid than in Havisham. As a result of this I feel that the speaker in Havisham is far more captivating than the one in Kid. This is mainly due to the effect the tragic event of betrayal suffered by the reader, has affected her behaviour. This in conjunction with the various stylistic and linguistic features in the poem make Havisham a more powerful and effective poem.

Cosmetic Surgery

Cosmetic Surgery Free Online Research Papers Cosmetic Surgery is a subspecialty of medicine and surgery that uniquely restricts itself to the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques. It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Cosmetic Surgery is a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive approach directed to all areas of the head, neck and body. Special skill and knowledge are essential and specialists in Cosmetic Surgery are competent in the anatomy, physiology, pathology and basic sciences. The educational profile of this specialty is unique in that it begins with a fully trained and certified physician. Through continued post-residency education, training and experience, cosmetic surgery is taught and learned across traditional disciplinary boundaries. The subspecialty fully incorporates the participation and knowledge from all contributing disciplines to attain a high level of skill and understanding. Contributing disciplines include dermatology, facial plastic surgery, general surgery, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, oculoplastic surgery, oral-maxillofacial surgery and others. The Cosmetic Surgeon offers specialized expertise in patient education and counseling, procedural skills, and the early recognition and treatment of complications. As a specialty, Cosmetic Surgeons have enhanced the knowledge and training of fellow physicians and directly benefited society through educational publications, scientific journals and in the development of safe and innovative techniques. Competency in Cosmetic Surgery implies a combination of knowledge, surgical judgment, technical expertise and ethics in order to achieve the goal of providing aesthetic improvement. Special skill and knowledge are essential and specialists in Cosmetic Surgery are competent in the anatomy, physiology, pathology and basic sciences. The educational profile of this specialty is unique in that it begins with a fully trained and certified physician. Through continued post-residency education, training and experience, cosmetic surgery is taught and learned across traditional disciplinary boundaries. The subspecialty fully incorporates the participation and knowledge from all contributing disciplines to attain a high level of skill and understanding. Contributing disciplines include dermatology, facial plastic surgery, general surgery, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, oculoplastic surgery, oral-maxillofacial surgery and others. The Cosmetic Surgeon offers specialized expertise in patient education and counseling, procedural skills, and the early recognition and treatment of complications. As a specialty, Cosmetic Surgeons have enhanced the knowledge and training of fellow physicians and directly benefited society through educational publications, scientific journals and in the development of safe and innovative techniques. Competency in Cosmetic Surgery implies a combination of knowledge, surgical judgment, technical expertise and ethics in order to achieve the goal of providing aesthetic improvement. Common reconstructive surgeries are: breast reconstruction for women who have had a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and closing skin and mucosa defects after removal of tumors in the head and neck region. Sex reassignment surgery for transsexual people is another example of reconstructive surgery. Plastic surgeons have developed the use of microsurgery to transfer tissue for coverage of a defect when no local tissue is available. Tissue flaps comprised of skin, muscle, bone, fat or a combination, may be removed from the body, moved to another site on the body and reconnected to a blood supply by suturing arteries and veins as small as 1-2 mm in diameter. There is a definite gray area between reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Many of the techniques of cosmetic surgery are utilized in reconstructive surgery to improve cosmesis. History of Plastic Surgery The history of plastic surgery began more than 4,000 years ago. Although reconstructive surgery was used in India in 800 BC, the history of plastic surgery moved very slowly for thousands of years, especially in European medicine. In the late 19th century the American medical community embraced reconstructive surgery and the history of plastic surgery in the United States began. The first major American surgeon to make his mark in the history of plastic surgery was Dr. John Peter Mettauer, who performed the first cleft palate operation in the North American history of plastic surgery in 1827 with instruments he designed himself. War played a huge role in the history of plastic surgery. World War I presented physicians with scores of severe facial wounds and burns, changing the history of plastic surgery. Modern weapons caused types and severity of injuries that were unprecedented in the history of plastic surgery. Some of the greatest medical talent devoted themselves fully both to exploring the history of plastic surgery and creating new techniques to treat men maimed by the war. Aesthetic surgery took its place in the history of plastic surgery at around this time, as surgeons fully realized the influence of appearances on individual success. The history of plastic surgery in America owes much to the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPRS). In the history of plastic surgery, no such organization for American plastic surgeons had existed prior to 1931. Important steps in American history of plastic surgery took place due to the work of this institution, such as recognition of the progress and history of plastic surgery by the American Board of Surgeons. ASPRS members created the first qualifying exam in the history of plastic surgery in the US, and a number of other organizations for promoting the future and history of plastic surgery sprang up in the years that followed. The modern, and more well-known, history of plastic surgery begins in the 1960s and 70s. Plastic surgeons were contributing to the history of plastic surgery in a number of areas, including a Surgeon General, and a Nobel Prize winner. The past few decades in the history of plastic surgery have brought enormous advances in treatment and awareness among the public. As the history of plastic surgery continues to be written, the ways to improve form and function will continue to expand. Reasons encouraging Plastic Surgery 1-Psychological Surgery A surgeons first impressions within an evaluation of a patient often prove most useful for gauging the suitability of a surgical procedure. The patients general appearance, demeanor, and behavior can also serve as indicators of a concealed psychic disturbance. Diagnostic acumen requires an awareness of subtle signs suggestive of potential problems, and the surgeon must practice intuitive observation of the patient at all times. Is the patients dress provocative and alluring? Does the patient retreat from physical contact or actively avoid eye contact? How is the patients affect and mood? Is the voice monotone or easily excitable? Surgeons can expect their patients to be nervous and self-conscious during consultation; however, such patients may need additional observance because nervousness may be an indicator of some emotional disturbance. Anxiety is common at the first meeting and can hamper retention, expression, and comprehension of the goals, benefits, and complications of surger y. Consider a follow-up visit for any patient with suspected emotional instability. Many different personality traits and behavioral clues exist. The categorizing of personalities does not imply an abnormality. In fact, the traits associated with certain personality types can be useful and adaptive because they allow the patients to tolerate anxiety, solve problems, and cope with a variety of lifes stresses. However, patients with some personality types are not well suited for cosmetic surgery; these personality types are categorized according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) as personality disorders. They include schizoid, paranoid, histrionic, and depressive personality disorders. Patients with these personality disorders deserve closer attention because the personality disorders are often associated with psychiatric complications, and the patients are unfit for cosmetic surgery. Schizoid personality disorder Individuals with schizoid personality disorder are described as being socially withdrawn, introverted, eccentric, and uncomfortable with others. Such patients often express vague reasons for wanting aesthetic surgery and are unable to supply precise goals for the procedure even after further questioning. The patient may request surgery because it would be better to look that way. Characteristically, these patients avoid eye contact, show little emotion, and have difficulty relaxing during consultation with the physician. They make few, if any, spontaneous comments, and they answer questions without elaboration. Paranoid personality disorder Paranoia refers to a pervasive and unwarranted skepticism of others. The individual with paranoid personality disorder is most commonly a young, unmarried male. The patient is often a loner and hypersensitive. Individuals with paranoid personality disorder are likely to have an unstable work history, to present themselves as innocent victims of unfairness, and to place blame on others. Patients with this disorder can appear tense, guarded, and secretive. Histrionic personality disorder Individuals with histrionic personality disorder are often excessively emotional and seek constant attention. They are colorful with labile and shallow emotional responses, from laughing easily to bursting into tears. These patients can use their fantastic displays of emotion and appearance to control others. They have an intense need for attention, and they seek it through their external appearance, about which they are excessively worried. During an interview, patients with histrionic personality disorder constantly seek reassurance, approval, or praise. They often have a style of speech that is highly impressionistic. For example, when the patient is asked to describe his or her mother, the answer may not be more specific than, She was a beautiful person. Depressive personality disorder Patients who have depressive personality disorder do not necessarily desire cosmetic surgery; rather, they may be prone to seek it believing that an enhanced physical appearance will improve their feelings about themselves. Body dysmorphic disorder Unlike different personality traits and normal concerns about ones appearance, the preoccupation with appearance in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is excessively time-consuming and associated with significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. BDD is a psychiatric illness. The defect in appearance is either imagined or slight. The preoccupation is also not better accounted for by another mental disorder. Proper selection of patients for aesthetic surgery must start with an effective assessment of the psychology, of which motivation is perhaps the most important part. Patients motives for seeking aesthetic surgery are as numerous as the patients themselves, and not every reason or person desiring the surgery is suitable. Motivation may stem from various sources. Because aesthetic surgeons typically do not receive formal training in psychiatry, they often have difficulty in correctly diagnosing the true motives. Consequently, aesthetic surgeons attempting to distinguish patients as emotionally appropriate or inappropriate often rely on their own experience, teachings of their mentor, or simply a gestalt approach. Not all internal or external motivations are appropriate for surgery. Several examples of external motivation deserve a closer examination. The need to please others (eg, husband, relatives, lover, strangers) often arises from the false belief that a change in outward appearance will produce results such as saving a marriage or improving a relationship. Of course, this notion is rarely true and may indicate something more serious with the patient. Furthermore, patients who are pressured into cosmetic surgery may be passive about the procedure and are not suitable candidates. The appropriate patient is active in deciding to pursue surgery and is not influenced by others. The intensity of the motivation has been demonstrated to be negatively correlated with postoperative pain and positively associated with a shorter postoperative course and satisfaction. Seeking cosmetic surgery as a way to advance ones career often results in more disappointment than satisfaction after surgery. Despite the generally held notion that more attractive persons are more successful, using plastic surgery as the means to such an end is often ill-advised. Conversely, if the patient is aware that successful surgery does not ensure career advancement, the patient may use the enhanced appearance more effectively. Patients citing internal motives for aesthetic surgery are generally considered good candidates. Internal motivations may be described as long-standing feelings about deficiencies in physical appearance and a strong commitment to physical change. However, the definition of a facial deficiency differs widely among patients and needs an individualized elucidation. A condition that appears as a slight consequence to the surgeon may not appear as such to the patient. The line separating a genuine deficiency from a perceived deficiency is often indefinite. No proportional relationship exists between the disfigurement and the mental attitude it engenders in the patient. Candidates with the appropriate internal motivation temporarily seem to lack adaptation to a particular situation. The psychological state reflects a definite physical defect, and surgical restoration relieves the anxiety. This is very different from a patient for whom the disfigurement is the only focus. For such a patient, once one part of the face is fixed, the patient quickly finds another symptom through which to channel the neurosis. 2-Physiological A. Preauthorization is not required for plastic surgery benefits. Benefits may be provided for cosmetic, reconstructive, and/or plastic surgery, including otherwise covered services and supplies under the following circumstances: 1. Correction of a congenital anomaly, i.e., a condition that exists from birth and that is a significant deviation or departure from the norm and is other than a common racial or ethnic feature (examples of such conditions include, cleft lip/cleft palate, birthmarks, webbed fingers or webbed toes, or surgery to correct pectus excavatum is covered as correction of a congenital anomaly when the defect is more than a minor anatomical anomaly). 2. Restoration of body form (including revision of scars) following an accidental injury. 3. Revision of disfiguring and extensive scars resulting from hypertrophic contractures, keloids, and neoplastic surgery. Note: Keloid revision requires medical review of medical documentation that includes history, size, location, and symptoms. 4. Panniculectomy performed in conjunction with other abdominal or pelvic surgery is covered when medical review determines that the procedure significantly contributes to the safe and effective correction or improvement of bodily function. (See Exclusions). 5. Penile implants and testicular prostheses for conditions resulting from organic origins or organic impotency. 6. Liposuction when used as a substitute for the scalpel is covered when medically necessary, appropriate, and the standard of care. 7. Augmentation mammoplasty, reduction mammoplasty, and mastopexy surgery performed on one breast for contra lateral symmetry to bring it into symmetry with a post-mastectomy reconstructed breast Risk Related to the Surgery Skin Death or Necrosis: usually follows an infection or hematoma and is much more likely among smokers. The skin is excised (surgically removed) and this may affect the cosmetic outcome. Asymmetry: moderate or severe asymmetries may require a second surgery. Mild asymmetry is normal. Slow Healing: due to age, skin type, failure to follow doctors advice or factors beyond anyones control. Numbness/Tingling: often temporary, sometimes permanent loss of sensation. This results from injury to sensory or motor nerves. Irregularities, dimples, puckers, and divots: can be due to surgeon error, healing irregularities or body make-up. Seroma: fluid can collect under the skin and can occur after breast augmentation, liposuction or a tummy tuck. What You Should Know About the Safety of Outpatient Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery procedures performed in accredited surgical facilities by board-certified plastic surgeons have an excellent safety record. A 1997 survey1 based on more than 400,000 operations performed in accredited facilities found that: The rate of serious complications was less than half of 1 percent. The mortality rate was extremely low – only one in 57,000 cases. The overall risk of serious complications in an accredited office surgical facility is comparable with the risk in a freestanding surgical center or hospital ambulatory surgical facility. You will also be evaluated for other factors that may increase the risk of blood clots. These include: being extremely overweight having recent traumatic injury any disorder of the heart, lungs or central nervous system a history of cancer, recurrent severe infection or genetic problems that affect blood clotting For women, additional risk factors include: taking oral contraceptives or having recently ceased taking them undergoing hormone-replacement therapy Plastic Surgery Today Cosmetic Surgery is becoming more and more popular throughout the United States. Each year, several million Americans undergo surgery to improve their appearance. A recent survey published in Psychology Today indicates that 40 percent of Americans are dissatisfied with the shape of their noses and 25 percent are dissatisfied with the shape of their chins and necks. Furthermore, 30 percent of cosmetic surgery is performed on men, and this percentage continues to increase. More and more people are realizing that cosmetic surgery is now affordable. They recognize plastic surgeons are highly skilled specialists with specific training and an understanding of todays aesthetics. More than ever before, senior citizens have gained greater respect and a more active role in society – our seniors are living longer, staying fit and leading more active lives. Unfortunately, the aging process persists, leaving people looking older than they feel. Is it any wonder than that many are turning to cosmetic surgery to restore a more youthful appearance? Todays America emphasizes a more youthful appearance regardless of ones chronological age. The business community commonly chooses the more attractive individual to fill an available position. A recent ABC documentary report clearly depicted an overwhelming preference for hiring a more attractive person if two applicants otherwise had exactly the same credentials. Clearly, many patients who undergo cosmetic surgery do so for economic reasons. Not only is this true for the fashion model, public figure, entertainment personality, corporate executive or professional person, but for anyone whose work or lifestyle requires that they interact with the public. A renowned psychologist reports that for students, good looks affect school grades. Furthermore, he states that ones appearance can also determine who will become friends, and affects the probability of prosperity Surgical procedures which were once thought to be only for the rich and famous are now commonly affordable and undertaken by men and women with average incomes. People save up for a much desired cosmetic procedure similar to saving for a piece of jewelry. These people feel that they are investing in themselves to improve their self-image and lifestyle. They recognize the affordability of cosmetic surgery and its potential returns. Goals and Expectations Prior to undergoing any plastic surgery procedure, the patient must possess a realistic attitude based on emotional maturity: The goal of surgery is improvement, not perfection. Any patient expecting perfection is not being realistic and should not have the procedure performed. Not every patient is a good candidate for surgery. Surgery is not recommended for everyone who requests it. A surgeon is a physician working within the biologic limitations of healing. The degree of success depends not only on the surgeons skills but also the age, health, skin texture, bone structure, and the specific problems and expectations of the patient. Understanding the above limitations, both the surgeon and patient may project the possible outcome. Examine the One Step Theory of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Should all go well, a one step improvement would be a reasonable expectation. It would be unethical for any physician to guarantee the results of any treatment performed. The only guarantee that can be made is to do the best work possible for the patient. An unrealistic motivation for cosmetic surgery precludes satisfying results. Although improvement in appearance may be psychologically beneficial by increasing self-esteem and self-confidence, cosmetic surgery is not the cure-all for all problems. Particularly, if one blames his or her appearance for lack of success or happiness in life, the patients expectations may be surgically unobtainable or too risky. Each person is encouraged to discuss any concerns or fears with their surgeon. The patient should not expect to receive universal approval from family, friends, and acquaintances after the surgery is performed. Although pain and discomfort following cosmetic surgery are relatively small, the patient needs the maturity to accept any postoperative condition as temporary. Swelling, discomfort, firmness, and discoloration are typical for a short time after surgery. Any incision heals together by producing a scar. The surgeon has control over placement of the scars but no control over the healing process once the surgery is completed. In the initial healing period, scar lines will be pink and lumpy. They usually fade and become pale with time. While significant improvement can be seen in the first few weeks, subtle changes continue for the following year. Finally, the patients attitude and health and adherence to the pre- and postoperative instructions play an important role in the success of the surgery. Each patient is strongly encouraged to see their personal physician for a check-up before surgery. Patients having eye surgery should see their eye doctor for an examination and visual field exam before having surgery. Minor facial asymmetries are common amongst most people. Noting these subtleties before your consultation is imperative to understand the limitations of surgery. If you are considered low risk, your doctor may simply ensure that you are positioned on the operating table in a way that allows for adequate blood circulation to the legs. If you are of moderate or high risk for developing blood clots, you may also be advised to wear elastic stockings before, during and after your procedure, or to take special anti-clotting medications. Compression devices on the legs may be used during surgery to support your normal circulation. Costs of top plastic surgery procedures 2001 STATISTICS (National Average) PROCEDURE SURGEON/PHYSICIAN FEE Botox ® injection $387 Breast implant removal $2,086 Breast augmentation $3,437 Breast lift $4,053 Breast reduction $5,508 Breast reduction in men $3,184 Buttock lift $4,720 Cellulite massage treatment $160 Cheek implant $2,694 Chemical peel $516 Chin augmentation $2,024 Collagen injection $333 Dermabrasion $1,590 Ear surgery $2,914 Eyelid surgery $2,666 Facelift $5,968 Fat injection $1,053 Fibril injection $440 Forehead lift $3,032 Laser hair removal $355 Laser skin resurfacing $2,241 Laser treatment of leg veins $402 Lip implants $1,701 Liposuction $2,704 Lower body lift $7,625 Microdermabrasion $146 Rhinoplasty $4,047 Sclerotherapy $317 Thigh lift $4,487 Tummy tuck $4,917 Upper arm lift $3,527 Plastic Surgery Mistakes Plastic surgery mistakes can occur during any procedure, performed by any doctor, although a number of plastic surgery mistakes can be avoided through proper screening by the patient. Some examples of plastic surgery mistakes include improperly performed procedures, surgical errors, and poor post-operative care. Plastic surgery mistakes in facial procedures are generally the most noticeable and often the most difficult to repair. Plastic surgery mistakes made in facial plastic surgery can leave the patient looking wooden or unnatural, and some plastic surgery mistakes result in partial or full paralysis through nerve damage or tightened skin tissue. Plastic surgery mistakes in implant surgery can result in gross disproportion, asymmetry, and dangerous implant leaks. Some plastic surgery mistakes cause excessive scarring, or hardening of body tissues. Plastic surgery mistakes in other parts of the body may be easier to mask, but victims of plastic surgery mistakes deal with many of the same issues, regardless how visible the results of their plastic surgery mistakes may be. The problems of living with the evidence of plastic surgery mistakes are not just physical; individuals suffer emotional and psychological trauma as well. Many plastic surgery mistake victims feel guilty or think that they are being punished for vanity. Many plastic surgery mistakes can be fixed, and there are physicians who specialize in surgically repairing plastic surgery mistakes. Individuals who are seeking plastic surgery can help reduce the chance of plastic surgery mistakes by ensuring that their physician is fully accredited and certified. In the case of a plastic surgery mistake, a reliable physician will often correct the problem at no additional cost. The gain Liposuction or removal of fat may pose special challenges. If a patient comes in who see-saws their weight 50 pounds up and 50 pounds down and they want liposuction, I make sure they tell me about nutrition and exercise habits because liposuction is just one moment in time and they have to be able to maintain the weight loss after surgery. If I remove two to three pounds of fat from their abdomen and they gain 20 pounds, I cant predict where the weight gain will go, she says. Most people are overweight, he says. Liposuction does not replace weight loss and it isnt going to make you thin, but we can improve contours at your current weight, he says. If the outside of your hips have extra bulges and it really affects the way their clothes fit, liposuction can help your clothing fit better and may drop a size and look prettier and thats a good thing. Plastic Surgery: A Scientific Way to reach art Relation of Plastic Surgery with Religion and God As priest and prophet say the plastic surgery is totally wrong because they think that no God book has mentioned something about surgery we have to accept ourselves as we are. Because after god no one is complete. So we conclude that religions are against plastic surgery. Right or Wrong Plastic surgery is right and wrong. Right in few situations for example after an accident (car accident, fire accident, etc†¦) and wrong if we had a surgery without a reason for example as we have now, all girls are same because 99% of them have made the nose surgery and many things for changing their look. Conclusion Knowing When to Say No is the best solution of plastic surgery. Someone who is looking at themselves appropriately with reasonable expectations is typically the best candidates. The bottom line? If you are considering plastic surgery, be sure that the procedure you are asking the doctor to do will meet your goals. Make sure that the surgeon you choose is certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) and a member of ASAPS. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetic_surgery betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Cosmetic_surgery?open www.plasticsurgery.org/public_education/ procedures/psychological_aspects.cfm a1-termpaper.com/med-gen.shtmlbetterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Cosmetic_surgery?open www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/03/050308093353.htm surgery.org/ Research Papers on Cosmetic SurgeryArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Standardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic EngineeringAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part One

Educational and psychological Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Educational and psychological Statistics - Essay Example A total of 101 students in 6 streams were selected as representative population. The students taking part in the study were at various levels of studies and of different sexes.   The sample was categorized into two namely, earners or maintainers. Maintainers started with high score but in the subsequent assignments, their scores were consistently reduced leading to negative motivation. Conversely, earners scores were increased each time an assignment was given. The research hypothesized that students who are subjected to subtraction of marks are highly motivated than the students who are constantly added marks. For purposes of this essay, six positive attributes namely; motivation, interest, participation, urge, inspiration and excitement about the course are used. The mean of each attribute is calculated for generalization purposes. Then the overall mean is computed to give the general feeling or attitude of students towards the course. Further suggestions on ways of improving the test are also made.A study or test is a systematic means of enquiry that employs the use of scientifically approved techniques to find answers to problems and attempt to solve them or come up with or complement existing knowledge. Studies critically examine situations, phenomena, problems and occurrences with a view of initiating certain actions. Therefore, it must be objective and free from prejudice and biasness. It involves gathering data, changing the data into meaningful form called information and deriving conclusions.... There are two major categories of studies namely quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative studies are concerned with numbers i.e. the variables are quantified e.g. marks scored by students in particular examinations. The answers in most instances are already been given and what the respondent is required to do is to tick the applicable case or choice. On the other hand qualitative studies focus on other factors which may be related to variable. This is done by allowing respondents to describe their views about the subject and therefore offers more flexibility. It must be noted that the two categories can be used together in one study. This is usually the case in many surveys. Data collection is an integral part of research. The value and credibility of a study relies on the methods and how data was collected. A poorly collected data carries significant errors resulting into rejection of results and therefore waste of resources. Therefore, the results of the test must be valid a nd reliable. The validity is checked by investigating whether the results actually measure what it claims to determine. The reliability is concerned about the reproducibility of the same results under same conditions but different administrations. Various methods of data collections exists but the choice of specific method depend on the type of study, available resources e.g. time, the volume of data to be collected and certain aspects of population among other reason. For instance, in a population where there is high illiteracy level using a self administered questionnaire is likely to generate flawed result because majorities do not know how to read or write. Conversely, if you want to extract large volume of information within a short time from educated